Mercurial > pymonkey
annotate docs/rendered/_sources/pymonkey.txt @ 164:3fadba042201
Minor rewording in docs.
author | Atul Varma <varmaa@toolness.com> |
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date | Sun, 30 Aug 2009 17:07:38 -0700 |
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1 :mod:`pymonkey` --- Access SpiderMonkey from Python |
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2 =================================================== |
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3 |
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4 .. module:: pymonkey |
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5 :synopsis: Access SpiderMonkey from Python |
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6 |
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7 .. testsetup:: * |
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8 |
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9 import pymonkey |
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10 |
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11 This module offers a low-level interface to the `Mozilla SpiderMonkey |
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12 <https://developer.mozilla.org/en/SpiderMonkey>`_ JavaScript engine. |
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13 |
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14 .. exception:: error |
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15 |
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16 This is the type of any SpiderMonkey-related errors thrown by this |
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17 module. |
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18 |
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19 .. data:: undefined |
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20 |
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21 This is the singleton that represents the JavaScript value |
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22 ``undefined``, as Python has no equivalent representation |
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23 (JavaScript's ``null`` is mapped to Python's ``None`` object). |
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24 For instance: |
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25 |
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26 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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27 >>> cx.evaluate_script(cx.new_object(), '', '<string>', 1) |
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28 pymonkey.undefined |
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29 |
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30 This object also has a "falsy" value: |
54
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31 |
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32 >>> if not pymonkey.undefined: |
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33 ... print "See, it's falsy!" |
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34 See, it's falsy! |
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35 |
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36 .. class:: Object |
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37 |
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38 This is the type of JavaScript objects. Such objects can only be |
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39 created via Pymonkey calls like :meth:`Context.new_object()` or |
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40 through the execution of JS code, but this type object can be used |
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41 with Python's built-in :func:`isinstance()` to verify that an |
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42 object is a JS object, like so: |
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43 |
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44 >>> obj = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context().new_object() |
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45 >>> isinstance(obj, pymonkey.Object) |
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46 True |
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47 |
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48 Note that :class:`Object` and all its subclasses are |
164 | 49 identity-preserving when passed between Python and |
50 JavaScript code. For instance: | |
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51 |
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52 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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53 >>> obj1 = cx.new_object() |
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54 >>> obj2 = cx.evaluate_script(obj1, 'this', '<string>', 1) |
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55 >>> obj1 is obj2 |
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56 True |
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57 |
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58 .. method:: get_runtime() |
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59 |
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60 Returns the :class:`Runtime` that the object belongs to. |
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61 |
85 | 62 .. class:: Function |
63 | |
64 This is the type of JavaScript functions, which is a subtype of | |
65 :class:`Object`. | |
66 | |
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67 .. data:: filename |
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68 |
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69 Name of the file that contains the function's original JS source |
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70 code. If the function isn't a JS function, this value is |
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71 ``None``. |
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72 |
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73 .. data:: base_lineno |
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74 |
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75 The line number at which the function's JS source code begins. |
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76 |
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77 .. data:: line_extent |
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78 |
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79 The number of lines comprising the function's JS source code. |
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80 |
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81 .. data:: is_python |
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82 |
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83 Whether or not the function is actually implemented in Python. |
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84 If it is, you can use :meth:`Context.get_object_private()` to |
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85 retrieve this Python function. |
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86 |
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87 .. class:: Script |
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88 |
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89 This is the type of compiled JavaScript scripts; it's actually a |
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90 subtype of :class:`Object`, though when exposed to JS code it |
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91 doesn't provide access to any special data or functionality. |
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92 |
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93 Script instances have a read-only buffer interface that exposes |
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94 their bytecode. This can be accessed by passing an instance to |
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95 Python's built-in ``buffer()`` function. |
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96 |
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97 .. data:: filename |
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98 |
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99 The filename of the script's original source code. |
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100 |
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101 .. data:: base_lineno |
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102 |
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103 The line number at which the script's original source code |
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104 begins. |
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105 |
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106 .. data:: line_extent |
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107 |
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108 The number of lines comprising the original source code. |
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109 |
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110 .. class:: Context |
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111 |
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112 This is the type of JavaScript context objects. Contexts can only |
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113 be created via a call to :meth:`Runtime.new_context()`, but this |
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114 type object can be used with Python's built-in :func:`isinstance()` |
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115 to verify that an object is a context, like so: |
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116 |
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117 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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118 >>> isinstance(cx, pymonkey.Context) |
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119 True |
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120 |
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121 JS contexts are weak-referencable. |
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122 |
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123 .. method:: get_runtime() |
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124 |
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125 Returns the :class:`Runtime` that the context belongs to. |
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126 |
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127 .. method:: get_stack() |
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128 |
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129 Returns a dictionary containing information about the context's |
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130 current stack. |
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131 |
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132 The dictionary contains the following string keys: |
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133 |
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134 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ |
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135 | key | value | |
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136 +==============================+=====================================+ |
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137 | :const:`script` | :class:`Script` of the frame. | |
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138 | | This may be ``None`` if the frame | |
159
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139 | | isn't a scripted frame, or if it's | |
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140 | | not possible to expose the script | |
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141 | | to Python for some reason. | |
148
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142 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ |
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143 | :const:`lineno` | Line number of the frame, if the | |
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144 | | frame is scripted. | |
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145 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ |
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146 | :const:`pc` | Program counter of the frame; this | |
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147 | | is an index into the bytecode of | |
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148 | | the frame's script, if the frame | |
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149 | | is scripted. | |
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150 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ |
159
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151 | :const:`function` | The :class:`Function` in which the | |
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152 | | frame is executing, if any. | |
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153 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ |
148
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154 | :const:`caller` | Dictionary containing information | |
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155 | | about the stack frame of the | |
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156 | | caller of this frame. If this frame | |
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157 | | has no caller, this value is | |
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158 | | ``None``. | |
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159 +------------------------------+-------------------------------------+ |
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160 |
150
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161 If the context isn't currently executing any code (i.e., the stack |
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162 is empty), this method returns ``None``. |
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163 |
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164 .. method:: new_object([private_obj]) |
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165 |
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166 Creates a new :class:`Object` instance and returns |
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167 it. ``private_obj`` is any Python object that is privately |
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168 stored within the new JS object; it can be retrieved using |
80 | 169 :meth:`get_object_private()`. |
58
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170 |
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171 .. method:: new_function(func, name) |
85 | 172 |
173 Creates a new :class:`Function` instance that wraps the | |
90 | 174 given Python callable. In JS-land, the function will |
85 | 175 have the given name. |
176 | |
115
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177 When the function is executed from JavaScript, `func` |
90 | 178 will be passed three positional arguments. |
179 | |
180 The first argument is a :class:`Context` that represents the | |
181 JS context which is calling the function. | |
182 | |
183 The second argument is an :class:`Object` that represents the | |
184 value of ``this`` for the duration of the call. | |
185 | |
186 The third argument is a tuple containing the arguments | |
187 passed to the function. | |
188 | |
111 | 189 For instance: |
190 | |
191 >>> def add(cx, this, args): | |
192 ... return args[0] + args[1] | |
193 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() | |
194 >>> obj = cx.new_object() | |
195 >>> cx.define_property(obj, 'add', cx.new_function(add, 'add')) | |
196 >>> cx.evaluate_script(obj, 'add(1, 1);', '<string>', 1) | |
197 2 | |
198 | |
114
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199 .. method:: define_property(object, name, value) |
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200 |
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201 Creates a new property on `object`, bypassing any JavaScript setters. |
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202 |
134
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203 .. method:: has_property(object, name) |
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204 |
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205 Returns whether or not `object` has the specified property. |
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206 |
114
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207 .. method:: get_property(object, name) |
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208 |
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209 Finds the specified property on `object` and returns its value, |
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210 possibly invoking a JavaScript getter. |
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211 |
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212 Example: |
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213 |
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214 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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215 >>> obj = cx.new_object() |
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216 >>> cx.define_property(obj, 'beets', 'i like beets.') |
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217 >>> cx.get_property(obj, 'beets') |
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218 u'i like beets.' |
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219 |
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220 Note also that calling this function on undefined properties |
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221 yields :data:`undefined`: |
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222 |
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223 >>> cx.get_property(obj, 'carrots') |
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224 pymonkey.undefined |
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225 |
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226 .. method:: get_object_private(object) |
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227 |
80 | 228 Returns the ``private_obj`` passed to :meth:`new_object()` |
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229 when `object` was first created. If it doesn't exist, ``None`` |
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230 is returned. |
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231 |
85 | 232 If `object` was created with :meth:`new_function()`, then this |
233 method returns the Python callable wrapped by `object`. | |
234 | |
90 | 235 This functionality is useful if you want to securely represent |
236 Python objects in JS-land. | |
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237 |
85 | 238 .. method:: clear_object_private(object) |
239 | |
240 Clears the ``private_obj`` passed to :meth:`new_object()` | |
241 when `object` was first created. If it doesn't exist, this | |
242 function returns nothing. | |
243 | |
244 If `object` was created with :meth:`new_function()`, then this | |
245 method effectively "unbinds" the Python callable wrapped by | |
246 `object`. If `object` is later called, an exception will be | |
247 raised. | |
248 | |
90 | 249 .. method:: evaluate_script(globalobj, code, filename, lineno) |
250 | |
251 Evaluates the text `code` using `globalobj` as the global | |
252 object/scope. | |
253 | |
254 It's assumed that `code` is coming from the file named by `filename`; | |
255 the first line of `code` is assumed to be line number `lineno` of | |
256 `filename`. This metadata is very useful for debugging stack traces, | |
257 exceptions, and so forth. | |
258 | |
113
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259 For example: |
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260 |
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261 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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262 >>> obj = cx.new_object() |
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263 >>> cx.init_standard_classes(obj) |
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264 >>> cx.evaluate_script(obj, '5 * Math', '<string>', 1) |
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265 nan |
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266 |
141 | 267 .. method:: compile_script(code, filename, lineno) |
139
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268 |
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269 Compiles the given string of code and returns a :class:`Script` |
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270 instance that can be executed via :meth:`execute_script()`. |
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271 |
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272 `filename` and `lineno` are used just as in |
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273 :meth:`evaluate_script()`. |
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274 |
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275 .. method:: execute_script(globalobj, script) |
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276 |
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277 Executes the code in the given :class:`Script` object, using |
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278 `globalobj` as the global object/scope, and returns the result. |
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279 |
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280 For example: |
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281 |
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282 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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283 >>> obj = cx.new_object() |
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284 >>> cx.init_standard_classes(obj) |
141 | 285 >>> script = cx.compile_script('5 * Math', '<string>', 1) |
139
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286 >>> cx.execute_script(obj, script) |
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287 nan |
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288 |
90 | 289 .. method:: call_function(thisobj, func, args) |
290 | |
291 Calls a JavaScript function. | |
292 | |
293 `thisobj` is an :class:`Object` that will be used as the value | |
294 of ``this`` when the function executes, `func` is the | |
295 :class:`Function` to execute, and `args` is a tuple of arguments | |
296 to pass to the function. | |
297 | |
112
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298 For instance: |
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299 |
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300 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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301 >>> obj = cx.new_object() |
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302 >>> cx.init_standard_classes(obj) |
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303 >>> Math = cx.get_property(obj, 'Math') |
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304 >>> floor = cx.get_property(Math, 'floor') |
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305 >>> cx.call_function(Math, floor, (5.3,)) |
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306 5 |
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307 |
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308 .. method:: init_standard_classes(object) |
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309 |
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310 Defines the standard JavaScript classes on the given |
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311 :class:`Object`, such as ``Array``, ``eval``, ``undefined``, and |
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312 so forth. For more information, see the documentation to |
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313 `JS_InitStandardClasses() |
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314 <https://developer.mozilla.org/en/SpiderMonkey/JSAPI_Reference/JS_InitStandardClasses>`_, |
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315 which this method wraps. |
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316 |
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317 .. method:: gc() |
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318 |
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319 Performs garbage collection on the context's JavaScript runtime. |
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320 |
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321 .. method:: set_operation_callback(func) |
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322 |
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323 Sets the operation callback for the context to the given Python |
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324 callable. The callback can be triggered via |
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325 :meth:`trigger_operation_callback()`. |
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326 |
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327 `func` takes one argument: the context that triggered it. |
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328 |
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329 .. method:: trigger_operation_callback() |
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330 |
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331 Triggers the context's operation callback. If no callback has |
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332 yet been set, this function does nothing. |
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333 |
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334 This function is one of the few thread-safe functions available |
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335 to a JS runtime, and together with |
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336 :meth:`set_operation_callback()` can be used to abort the |
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337 execution of long-running code. |
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338 |
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339 For instance, we first create an operation callback to stop |
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340 long-running code by throwing an exception: |
115
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341 |
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342 >>> import time, threading |
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343 >>> cx = pymonkey.Runtime().new_context() |
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344 >>> def stop_running_code(cx): |
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345 ... raise Exception('JS took too long to execute.') |
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346 >>> cx.set_operation_callback(stop_running_code) |
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347 |
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348 Then we create a watchdog thread to trigger the operation |
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349 callback once a long amount of time has passed: |
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350 |
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351 >>> def watchdog_thread(): |
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352 ... time.sleep(0.1) # An eternity to a computer! |
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353 ... cx.trigger_operation_callback() |
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354 >>> thread = threading.Thread(target=watchdog_thread) |
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355 >>> thread.start() |
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356 |
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357 Now, when we execute code that takes too long to run, it gets |
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358 aborted: |
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359 |
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360 >>> try: |
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361 ... cx.evaluate_script(cx.new_object(), 'while (1) {}', |
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362 ... '<string>', 1) |
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363 ... except pymonkey.error, e: |
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364 ... print cx.get_object_private(e.args[0]) |
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365 JS took too long to execute. |
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366 |
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367 .. class:: Runtime() |
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368 |
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369 Creates a new JavaScript runtime. JS objects created by the runtime |
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370 may only interact with other JS objects of the same runtime. |
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371 |
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372 With few exceptions, objects belonging to a runtime can currently |
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373 only be used in the same thread that the runtime was created |
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374 in. This may be changed in the future, since SpiderMonkey itself |
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375 has support for thread safety. |
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376 |
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377 JS runtimes are weak-referencable. |
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378 |
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379 .. method:: new_context() |
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380 |
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381 Creates a new Context object and returns it. Contexts are best |
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382 conceptualized as threads of execution in a JS runtme; each one |
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383 has a program counter, a current exception state, and so |
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384 forth. JS objects may be freely accessed and changed by contexts |
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385 that are associated with the same JS runtime as the objects. |